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Instead, his prior work on anaesthesia gas masks caught the attention of the head of the Gas Service Section where during an interview, Connell was quick to propose modifications to the already existing gas masks. Died on Octoat Searsdale, New York from a heart attackĭeveloped during his time in military service, Connell was tasked with working on gas defence however never quite made it to British Gas Defence School.Founds the Connell Apparatus Company which is sold in 1940 to the Ohio Chemical Company.1925 – retires from medical practice and devotes the next six years to designing anaesthestic apparatus to a total of 10 patents.During this period also founds the Presbyterian Hospital (1920) and serves as its president until 1924

Professor of surgery at Creighton University, Omaha. 1919-1924 demobilised from the military and returns to civilian life.It was dubbed the “ Connell’s War Special”

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It was also more portable and thus found home among the US and Allied Forces during WWI where it was used in many field hospitals.

1917 – develops the Gas-Oxygen Apparatus it allowed for the greater control over the delivery of anaesthetic gases.

This earns him the Distinguished Service Medal in 1919

1916 – becomes a member of the Medical Council of National Defence serves as a Major in the Chemical Warfare Service with the AEF between 1917-1919 where he develops the Connell mask for gas defence in war.

On return to the US assigned by the Surgeon General to the problems of wound treatment and standardization of the surgery in the Advance Zone.

1915 – established an Advance Hospital Unit in France toured Germany and Austria as accredited sanitary observer for the National Guard of New York.

1913 – introduces a metal oropharyngeal airway ( Connell Airway) to counter the problem of patient’s bite occluding the earlier rubber airways.

This model was cylindrical, but subsequent models were rectangular and stainless steel – a right novelty! It is one of the first anaesthesia machines to accurately deliver known percentages of gases including ether, nitrous oxide and oxygen.

1911 – joins the 71 st Regiment, New York National Guard.

At this time, the most common method of anaesthesia was ‘ dripping’ anaesthetic liquids onto face masks. During his work he notes the inefficiency of anaesthesia equipment which could not provide a steady flow of gases leading to patients fluctuating between deep and shallow anaesthesia.

1910-1914 associate in surgery in Columbia University and an assistant attending surgeon from at the Roosevelt Hospital in New York (1908-1918).

1898-1900 educated in Creighton University Medical College and the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University (MD, 1900).

Son of WJ Connell, prominent Omaha lawyer, and the nephew of RW Connell, Nebraska health commissioner Whilst his company did not survive, his legacy does his designs and ideas, a part of the foundations of modern anaesthesia equipment today.

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After retiring back to civilian life, Connell also a business man, set up the Connell Apparatus Company and went on to obtain 10 patents for a series of anaesthetic machines developed in the 1930’s.

His most famous invention was the Connell Mask, the first all-American gas mask to be used during World War I although a shortage of materials, saw him modify British gas masks to keep up with demand (although still called American masks). His innovative flair is seen in the steel rectangular-box of his later anaesthesia machines which at the time where cylinders were all the rage, was a true novelty in itself! Major Karl Connell Sr (1878-1941) was an American surgeon, serviceman and inventorĬonnell was responsible for some of the first anaesthesia machines that incorporated a carbon dioxide absorber and a gauge that allowed accurate delivery of multiple gases at once.

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